Construction of Lignin-based Aqueous Coacervates and Their Mechanisms for Enhancing Pesticide Targeted Delivery

Authors

  • Sun Yu

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62051/bc4ab010

Keywords:

Lignin; Aqueous coacervates; Pesticide delivery; Targeted; Sustainable agriculture.

Abstract

This review systematically explores the construction strategies and functional mechanisms of lignin-based aqueous coacervates for targeted pesticide delivery. By integrating lignin valorization with coacervate technology, we analyze the structural characteristics of different lignin types, compare various coacervate construction methods, and elucidate targeting mechanisms including environmental responsiveness and passive accumulation. Key findings demonstrate that lignin-based coacervates significantly enhance pesticide stability, bioavailability, and environmental compatibility. Despite challenges in scalability and precise control, these systems hold great promise for advancing sustainable agriculture through intelligent delivery platforms.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] Li Y, Wang Q, Pan J, et al. Fabrication and characterization of a novel solid nano-dispersion of emamectin benzoate with high dispersibility and wettability [J]. Nanomaterials, 2025, 15 (7): 495.

[2] Yu M, Yao J, Liang J, et al. Development of functionalized abamectin poly (lactic acid) nanoparticles with regulatable adhesion to enhance foliar retention [J]. RSC Advances, 2017, 7 (19): 11271-11280.

[3] Cen J, Li L, Huang L, et al. Construction of a photothermal controlled-release microcapsule pesticide delivery system [J]. RSC Advances, 2022, 12 (36): 23387-23395.

[4] Wang S, Zhang Y, Yang L, et al. Indoxacarb-loaded anionic polyurethane blend with sodium alginate improves pH sensitivity and ecological security for potential application in agriculture [J]. Polymers, 2020, 12 (5): 1135.

[5] Wu C, Lu S, Tian J, et al. Current situation and prospect of geospatial AI in air pollution prediction [J]. Atmosphere, 2024, 15 (12): 1411.

[6] Krishnan P. A review of the non-equivalent control group post-test-only design [J]. Nurse Researcher, 2019, 26 (2): 37-40.

[7] Yang J, Sun M, Jiao L, et al. Molecular weight distribution and dissolution behavior of lignin in alkaline solutions [J]. Polymers, 2021, 13 (23): 4166.

[8] Zhang J, Tian Z, Ji X, et al. Fabrication Mechanisms of Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Ultraviolet Protection Ability in PVA Composite Film [J]. Polymers, 2022, 14 (19): 4196.

[9] Wei Z, Zeng G, Huang F, et al. Bioconversion of oxygen-pretreated kraft lignin to microbial lipid with oleaginous rhodococcus opacus DSM 1069 [J]. Green Chemistry, 2015, 17 (5): 2784-2789.

[10] Dong X, Zhang Y, Shao S, et al. Application of lignin-derived carbon materials in adsorption and separation [J]. Separations, 2025, 12 (4): 88.

[11] Hou M, He Y, Yang X, et al. Preparation of biomass biochar with components of similar proportions and its methylene blue adsorption [J]. Molecules, 2023, 28 (17): 6261.

[12] Lim C, Blocher McTigue W C. Form equals function: influence of coacervate architecture on drug delivery applications [J]. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 2024, 10 (11): 6766-6789.

[13] Margossian K O, Brown M U, Emrick T, et al. Coacervation in polyzwitterion-polyelectrolyte systems and their potential applications for gastrointestinal drug delivery platforms [J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13 (1): 2250.

[14] Yuan Y, Jiang B, Chen H, et al. Recent advances in understanding the effects of lignin structural characteristics on enzymatic hydrolysis [J]. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2021, 14 (1): 205.

[15] Wang J, Abbas M, Huang Y, et al. Redox-responsive peptide-based complex coacervates as delivery vehicles with controlled release of proteinous drugs [J]. Communications Chemistry, 2023, 6 (1): 243.

[16] Zhu G H, Azharuddin M, Pramanik B, et al. Feasibility of coacervate-like nanostructure for instant drug nanoformulation [J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023, 15 (14): 17485-17494.

[17] Hu G, Hu J, Chen H, et al. Influence of pH and ionic strength on the aggregation behaviors of xylan rich hemicelluloses with alkaline lignins [J]. BioResources, 2021, 16 (4): 7608-7622.

[18] Zhu G, Shang J, Wen W, et al. Multilamellar spherical micelles of alkali lignin: dissipative particle dynamics simulations [J]. Journal of Molecular Modeling, 2023, 29 (2): 33.

[19] Nilza N, Prasad R, Varma A, et al. Deconstruction of alkali lignin and lignocellulosic substrates by aspergillus ochraceus DY1 isolated from rotten wood [J]. Journal of Fungi, 2024, 10 (12): 810.

[20] Khan S, Puss K K, Lukk T, et al. Enzymatic conversion of hydrolysis lignin—a potential biorefinery approach [J]. Energies, 2022, 16 (1): 370.

[21] Li G, Sang Y, Li X, et al. Solvolysis of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin in fuel compatible solvents [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2025, 310: 121549.

[22] Choi J H, Cho S M, Kim J C, et al. Thermal properties of ethanol organosolv lignin depending on its structure [J]. ACS Omega, 2021, 6 (2): 1534-1546.

[23] Lenarda A, Melchionna M, Aikonen S, et al. Chemically activated spruce organosolv lignin as a carbocatalyst for heterogeneous oxidative dehydrogenations in the liquid phase [J]. ACS Catalysis, 2023, 13 (17): 11362-11375.

[24] Jasiukaitytė-Grojzdek E, Ročnik Kozmelj T, Tofani G, et al. Design of organosolv lignin fractionation: influence of temperature, antisolvent, and source on molecular weight, structure, and functionality of lignin fragments [J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2025, 13 (9): 3452-3466.

[25] Kembaren R, Kleijn J M, Borst J W, et al. Enhanced stability of complex coacervate core micelles following different core-crosslinking strategies [J]. Soft Matter, 2022, 18 (15): 3052-3062.

[26] Castelletto V, Seitsonen J, Pollitt A, et al. Minimal peptide sequences that undergo liquid–liquid phase separation via self-coacervation or complex coacervation with ATP [J]. Biomacromolecules, 2024, 25 (8): 5321-5331.

[27] Fan Y, Zhang L, Du G, et al. Phase separation-induced coating to optimize the seed microenvironment for enhanced germination and mitigation of fungus/freeze damage [J]. ACS Nano, 2025, 19 (25): 22767-22782.

[28] Benavides I, Scott W A, Cai X, et al. Preparation and stability of pegylated poly(S-alkyl-L-homocysteine) coacervate core micelles in aqueous media [J]. The European Physical Journal E, 2023, 46 (9): 81.

[29] Kembaren R, Westphal A H, Kamperman M, et al. Charged polypeptide tail boosts the salt resistance of enzyme-containing complex coacervate micelles [J]. Biomacromolecules, 2022, 23 (3): 1195-1204.

[30] Du R, Li X, Fielding L A. Investigating the formation of polymer–nanoparticle complex coacervate hydrogels using polymerization-induced self-assembly-derived nanogels with a succinate-functional core [J]. Langmuir, 2024, 40 (39): 20648-20656.

[31] Yang S, Lü F, Wang L, et al. pH-responsive metal–organic framework for targeted delivery of fungicide, release behavior, and sustainable plant protection [J]. Molecules, 2024, 29 (22): 5330.

[32] Mahmoud L A M, Dos Reis R A, Chen X, et al. Metal–organic frameworks as potential agents for extraction and delivery of pesticides and agrochemicals [J]. ACS Omega, 2022, 7 (50): 45910-45934.

[33] Mo D, Li X, Chen Y, et al. Fabrication and evaluation of slow-release lignin-based avermectin nano-delivery system with UV-shielding property [J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11 (1): 23248.

[34] Wang Y, Zhang Z, Jia W, et al. A Review of Environmental Sensing Technologies for Targeted Spraying in Orchards [J].

Downloads

Published

16-03-2026

How to Cite

Yu, S. (2026). Construction of Lignin-based Aqueous Coacervates and Their Mechanisms for Enhancing Pesticide Targeted Delivery. Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences, 6, 50-56. https://doi.org/10.62051/bc4ab010